Physiopathologic bases of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19

Authors

Keywords:

physiopathology, clinical manifestations, COVID -19

Abstract

Introduction: The increases of cases at worldwide, the physiopathologic studies, the clinical spectrum and the appearance of new symptoms of COVID-19 have made possible a better definition.

Objective: To describe aspects related to the physiopathologic bases of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19.

Methods: An integrated revision in the data bases PubMed and Google scholar, in January, 2021 was carried out. The criteria of selection were: articles with free access to the total text, published in Spanish and English. Duplicated studies and those with low scientific quality were excluded, they were evaluated by the critical and specialized reading. 39 articles were selected as references.

Conclusions: The immune response and the storm of cytokine were two of the key physiopathologic factors that aggravate the disease. SAR-CoV-2 is a virus that causes several multi-organs disorders.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Norberto Esqueff Díaz, Hospital Materno Infantil ¨Comandante Manuel Piti Fajardo¨. Güines, Mayabeque.

Especialista de I grado en Dermatología y II grado en Medicina General Integral. Asistente. Hospital Materno Infantil ¨Comandante Manuel Piti Fajardo¨. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Mayabeque. Güines

Erie Rafael Roche González, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas ¨Victoria de Girón¨.

Médico General Básico. Residente de Neurofisiología Clínica.

Dianelys Jacomino Fernández, Policlínico Docente “Martha Martínez Figuera”, Güines, Mayabeque.

Especialista de II grado en Medicina General Integral. Máster en Atención Integral al Niño. Profesora Auxiliar. Policlínico Docente ¨Martha Martínez Figuera¨. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Mayabeque. Güines.

Lidia Sánchez Gutiérrez, Policlínico Docente “Martha Martínez Figuera”.

Especialista de I grado en Medicina General Integral. Policlínico Docente ¨Martha Martínez Figuera¨. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Mayabeque. Güines.

References

Organización Mundial de la Salud [Internet]. GINEBRA: OMS; © 2021[citado 21 Jun 2021]. Covid-19: cronología de la actuación de la OMS. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19

World Health Organization [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; [Internet]. 2021 [citado 20 Ene 2021]. Timeline of WHO’s response to COVID-19. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline

Worldometers.info [Internet]. Dover: Dadax LLC;©2021[citado 23 Jul 2021] Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic. Disponible en: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/

Lipsitch M, Swerdlow DL, Finelli L. Defining the Epidemiology of Covid-19. Studies Needed. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020 Mar [citado 4 Mar 2020];382(13):1194-6. Disponible en: https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMp2002125?articleTools=true

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Internet]. Solna : European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control;© 2021 [citado 21 Jun 2021].Case definition and European surveillance for covid-19, as of 2 March 2020. Disponible en: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid19/surveillance/case-definition

Serra Valdés MA. Infección respiratoria aguda por COVID-19: una amenaza evidente. Rev Haban Cienc Méd [Internet]. 2020 Feb [citado 20 Jul 2020];19(1):1-5. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1729-519X2020000100001&lng=es

Li Q, Guan X, Wu P. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020 [citado 25 Mar 2020]. 382(13):1199-207. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121484/

Genetics Initiative. The COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, a global initiative to elucidate the role of host genetic factors in susceptibility and severity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic. Eur J Hum Genet[Internet]. 2020[citado 13 Dic 2021]; 28(6):715–8. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7220587/

Walker A, Boyce A, Duggal P, Thio CL, Geller G. Genomics and infectious diseases: expert perspectives on public health considerations regarding actionability and privacy. Ethics Hum Res [Internet]. 2020 May [citado 13 Dic 2021];42(3):30-40. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eahr.500051

Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress síndrome.. Lancet Respir Med [Internet]. 2020 Feb [citado 28 Mar 2020];8(4):420-22. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221326002030076X?via%3Dihub

Greninger AL. Societal implications of the internet of pathogens. J Clin Microbiol[Internet]. 2019[citado 13 Dic 2021];57(6):e01914–e18. Disponible en: https://journals.asm.org/doi/epub/10.1128/JCM.01914-18

Marchant G, Barnes M, Evans JP, LeRoy B, Wolf SM, Law Seq Liability Task Force. From genetics to genomics: facing the liability implications in clinical care. J Law Med Ethics[Internet]. 2020 Mar;48(1):11-43. Disponible en: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1073110520916994

World Health Organization. Pneumonia of unknown cause-China [Internet]. Berna: World Health Organization; 2020 [citado 13 Mar 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/

Burki T. The online anti-vaccine movement in the age of COVID-19. The Lancet Digital Health [Internet]. 2020 [citado 12 Feb 2021];2(10):e504-e5. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30227-2

Gauna ME, Bernava JL. Recomendaciones diagnostica y terapéuticas ante la Respuesta Inmune Trombótica Asociada a COVID-19 (RITAC). CorSalud [Internet]. 2020 [citado 14 May 2020];12(1):60-3. Disponible en: http://www.revcorsalud.sld.cu/index.php/cors/article/view/615/1096

X. Li. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis [Internet]. 2020 [citado 17 Abr 2020];10(1). Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095177920302045

Hoffmann M, Kleine Weber H, Schroeder S Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Erichsen S, et al. SARSCoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven

protease inhibitor. Cell [Internet]. 2020 [citado 27 Abr 2020];16;181(2):271-80.e8. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102627/

Bourgonje AR, Abdulle AE, Timens W, kHillebrands JL, NavisGL, Gordijn SJ, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Pathol[Internet].2020[citado 23 Jun 2021]; 251:228-48. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/path.5471

Cepero Llauger K, Pardo Ramírez I, Gómez León M. Respuesta inmunitaria y trombótica en pacientes con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda en la neumonía por SARS-CoV-2. Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba [Internet]. 2020 [citado 14 May 2020];10(2). Disponible en: http://www.revistaccuba.sld.cu/index.php/revacc/article/view/782/820

Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba. Informe epidemiológico COVID-19, 27/11/2020. [citado 27 nov 2020]. Disponible en: https://salud.msp.gob.cu/

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Lili R, Jianping Z, Yi H, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet [Internet]. 2020 [citado 30 Jun 2020];395:497-506. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30183-5/fulltext

Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, Crawford JM, McGinn T, Davidson DW, the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York city area. JAMA [Internet]. 2020 [citado 31 Jul 2021];323(20):2052-59. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2765184/

Goldstein DS. The possible association between COVID-19 and postural tachycardia syndrome. Heart Rhythm[Internet].2020 Apr[citado 18 Ene 2022];18(4):508-9. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7729277/pdf/main.pdf

Raahimi MM, Kane A, Moore CE, Alareed AW. Late onset Guillain-Barré syndrome following SARTS-CoV-2 infection: part of "long COVID-19 syndrome"? BMJ Case Rep [Internet]. 2021[citado 18 Ene 2022]; 14(1):e240178. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7813388/

Pun BT, Balas MC, Barnes-Daly MA, Thompson JL, Aldrich JM, Barr J, et al. Caring for Critically Ill Patients with the ABCDEF Bundle: Results of the ICU Liberation Collaborative in Over 15,000 Adults. Crit Care Med[Internet]. 2019[citado 18 Ene 2022];47(1): 3- 14. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6298815/

Brito Zerón P, Conangla L, Kostov B, Moragas A, Ramos M, Sequeira E, et al. Manifestaciones persistentes de la COVID-19. Guía de práctica clínica [Internet]. Barcelona: Sociedad Catalana de Medicina Familiar i Comunitària (CAMFiC), 2020.p. 1-43. Disponible en: https://mariamontanavivas.wordpress.com/2021/01/19/manifestaciones-persistentes-de-la-COVID-19-guia-practica-clinica-gratuito/

Sahoo PR, Sahu M, Surapaneni PS, Maiti A, Vankamamidi R, Panda N, et al. Evolution of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients in India. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol[Internet]. 2021 Aug[citado 18 Ene 2022];278(8):2875-81. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7779103/

World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected [Internet]. Ginebra: World Health Organization; 2020 [citado 17 Abr 2020]. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1279870/retrieve

Gómez Tejeda JJ, Dieguez Guach RA, Pérez Abreu MR. Alternativas terapéuticas para el manejo de la COVID-19. Rev haban cienc méd [Internet]. 2020 [citado 17 Abr 2020];19(Supl.):e3328. Disponible en: http://www.revhabanera.sld.cu/index.php/rhab/article/view/3328/2577

Rodríguez López IR, Hernández Gil E. Manejo de la COVID-19 en Cuba. Su relación con la inmunología. Medimay [Internet]. 2021 [citado: fecha de acceso]; 28(1):105-22. Disponible en: http://www.medimay.sld.cu/index.php/rcmh/article/view/1948

Infomed infecciones por coronavirus. [Internet]. La Habana: Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas/INFOMED; ©2020 [citado 2020 Mar 24]. Actualización epidemiológica. Nuevo coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Disponible en: https://temas.sld.cu/coronavirus/2020/03/24/nuevo-coronavirus-2019-ncov-actualizacion

Guía de síntomas: cómo diferenciar al dengue del coronavirus[Internet]. Madrid: Mundo Sano; c1993-2021 [citado 16 Ago 2021]; Fundación Mundo Sano [aprox. 6 p.] Disponible en: https://www.mundosano.org/es/guia-de-sintomas-como-diferenciar-al-dengue-del-coronavirus/

Ji W, Wang W, Zhao X, Zai J, Li X. Homologous recombination within the spike glycoprotein of the newly identified coronavirus may boost cross-species transmission from snake to human. Journal of Medical Virology [Internet]. 2020 Jan [citado 23 Mar 2020];92(4). Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.26048

Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020 Feb [citado 4 Mar 2020];382:727-33. Disponible en: https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

García-Lledó A, Del Palacio-Salgado M, Álvarez-Sanz C, Pérez-Gil MM, Cruz-Díaz Á. Tromboembolismo pulmonar durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2: características clínicas y radiológicas. Rev Clin Esp. 2021. Ene 16 Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rce.2021.01.001 PMID: 33495655

Ludvigsson JF. Systematic review of COVID-19 in children show milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. Acta Paediatr [Internet]. 2020 [citado 17 Abr 2020];109(6);100-3. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32202343

Hernández Pérez R, Aguilar Hernández I, Hernández Núñez A, Hernández Sánchez Y, Lemus Lima E. COVID-19: apuntes desde una revisión integradora. Medimay [Internet]. 2020 [citado 15 Oct 2020];27(3):396-410. Disponible en: http://medimay.sld.cu/index.php/rcmh/article/view/1761

Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet [Internet]. 2020 [citado 28 Mar 2020];395(10223):507-13. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7135076/

Pérez Abreu MR, Gómez Tejeda JJ, Dieguez Guach RA. Características clínico-epidemiológicas de la COVID-19. Rev haban cienc méd [Internet]. 2020 Abr [citado 10 Feb 2022]; 19(2):e3254. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1729-519X2020000200005&lng=es. Epub 22-Abr-2020

Downloads

Published

2022-09-30

How to Cite

1.
Esqueff Díaz N, Roche González ER, Jacomino Fernández D, Sánchez Gutiérrez L. Physiopathologic bases of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Medimay [Internet]. 2022 Sep. 30 [cited 2024 Nov. 23];29(3):447-62. Available from: https://revcmhabana.sld.cu/index.php/rcmh/article/view/1861

Issue

Vol. 29 No. 3 (2022)

Section

REVIEW ARTICLES

License

Medimay protects copyright from the very first moment the submission is made, but upon publication it assumes a Creative Commons 4.0 (cc-by-nc) license, which allows the use of the work to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform and build from the material) as long as exclusive mention is made of the publication in the journal as a primary source, prohibiting its commercialization. The author always retains his/her right.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3 > >>